The CatechismGlobal Methodist Church
Question 53 of 77 · Wesleyan Characteristics

Does God determine all human actions?

No. Influenced and empowered by the Holy Spirit, humans are responsible in freedom to exercise their wills for good.

Catechism for the Global Methodist Church, question 53

Commentary

Question 53 addresses the objection that the doctrine of preventing grace raises: if every good response is enabled by grace, God might seem to determine what people do. The catechism answers no, and it answers in the exact words of Article VII of the Confession of Faith: "man influenced and empowered by the Holy Spirit is responsible in freedom to exercise his will for good." That article first states human helplessness and then, with the word "however," affirms real freedom under grace.

The references are chosen to show that Scripture addresses people as agents who can choose. In Eden, "the LORD God commanded the man" and set a real prohibition before him (Genesis 2:16-17). Moses tells Israel, "the life and the death I have set before you, the blessing and the curse; therefore choose life" (Deuteronomy 30:19). Joshua puts the same choice to the tribes: "choose this day whom you will serve" (Joshua 24:15). Jesus says, "If anyone wishes to come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me" (Matthew 16:24), and to the church at Laodicea, "If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, I will come in to him" (Revelation 3:20). Commands and invitations of this kind assume that the hearer can respond or refuse. Peter adds that God is "not planning that any should perish but that all should come to repentance" (2 Peter 3:9), which rules out any secret decree that some are made to refuse.

The answer's first clause keeps this freedom from becoming self-reliance. The freedom is exercised by people "influenced and empowered by the Holy Spirit." John says believers "were born not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God" (John 1:13); the new birth is God's act. The Wesleyan position is that grace restores the will's freedom and then holds the will responsible for how it is used.

For a Methodist this teaching gives both dignity and accountability. No one can excuse sin by appealing to fate or to God's hidden will, and no one can boast of obedience as if it were self-made. The proper response to God's call is the one Paul describes: "if you confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus and trust in your heart that God raised him out from the dead, you will be saved" (Romans 10:9).